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-Candidosis

Description: Infection with Candida albicans is known as candidiasis or candidosis.
There is virtually no organ or tissue immune to this fungus but skin, mouth, and genital lesions are most common. Severity of infection varies from small localized areas to generalized stomatitis. Involved mucous membrane develops a white slough consisting of necrotic mucosa and organisms. Because of uneven distribution of lesions, a speckled white on red appearance is common. In contrast to most other white lesions, the white can be wiped off leaving a denuded red surface that usually bleeds.
Etiology: As previously stated, this disease is caused by an infection with Candida albicans. It is frequently stated that this disease occurs in four groups: (1) the very young; (2) the very old; (3) those with reduced resistance and (4) those on long term antibiotic therapy or immunosuppression.
Treatment: There are several topical and systemic drugs available, One of the more common treatments consists of a mouthwash of nystatin oral suspension 400,000 to 600,000 units four times daily for at least one week. This is the adult dose, The drug works by direct contact and thorough swishing in the mouth for 3-5 minutes before swallowing is mandatory, A clotrimazole troche has become available, Each troche is 10 mg, adult dosage is 1 troche dissolved in the mouth 5 times each day for 14 days. Ketoconazole (Nizoral), a systemic antifugus drug is available as a 200 mg tablet, adult dosage is one each day. Ketoconazole has been shown to be toxic to the live. Long term use requires monitoring of liver function, should be screened for diabetes or other immunosuppressive diseases such as leukemia.
Differential diagnosis: Oral infection with Geotrichum is said to be identical to candidosis. Culture is necessary to distinguish between them.

 

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